Israel Defence Forces (IDF)
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) is the military of Israel, comprising ground, air, and naval forces. Established in 1948, shortly after the creation of the State of Israel, the IDF's primary objectives are to defend the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Israel, deter potential adversaries, and, if necessary, defeat any threats to Israel's citizens. The IDF operates under the principle of a "people's army," which emphasizes a close bond between the military and Israeli society. It is headed by its Chief of General Staff, who is subordinate to the Defense Minister. The IDF has a unified structure, which means it combines the capabilities of army, navy, and air force under a single command hierarchy.
The IDF was officially established on May 26, 1948, during the early stages of the first Arab-Israeli war. Israel has a policy of mandatory military service for most of its citizens, with some exceptions. Men typically serve for three years, while women serve for two. After completing their compulsory service, Israeli citizens are usually listed in the reserves and are required to do several weeks of reserve duty every year until they reach their 40s or 50s. Over the decades, the IDF has been involved in multiple conflicts, including the Arab-Israeli Wars, the Six-Day War, the Yom Kippur War, and other military operations. The IDF also conducts security operations in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and along Israel's borders with Lebanon and Syria. The IDF is known for its technological innovation and has developed various systems like the Iron Dome missile defense system to protect against rocket attacks. The IDF has faced criticism for its actions in the occupied territories, particularly regarding civilian casualties and human rights abuses.