India Divided was written mostly in prison and was published in 1946, a year before India was partitioned. In the book, Dr Rajendra Prasad examines and challenges the underlying theory that Hindus and Muslims are essentially two nations. He traces the origins and growth of the Hindu-Muslim conflict, discusses the several debates and schemes for Partition that had been put forth, and exposes the essential ambiguity of the 1940 Lahore Resolution. While reflecting on the issue, he throws light on how different leaders conceived of the nation-state, a question that has remained ever relevant in the subcontinent.